How does Metoprolol affect bone mineral density, and could it increase the risk of osteoporosis or fractures with long-term use?
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How does Metoprolol affect bone mineral density, and could it increase the risk of osteoporosis or fractures with long-term use?
Metoprolol does not directly affect bone mineral density, but beta-blockers can influence bone turnover, potentially reducing fracture risk.
There is limited direct evidence linking Metoprolol to changes in bone mineral density or increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.