Estrogen therapy may enhance cognitive function in postmenopausal women by improving blood flow and glucose metabolism in the brain, and by exerting neuroprotective effects. A variety of studies, including observational and some randomized controlled trials, suggest it might help delay the onset of cognitive impairments and potentially reduce the risk of diseases like Alzheimer’s, especially when initiated around the time of menopause. However, results are mixed and further research is needed to fully understand its benefits and risks.