Beyond glucose regulation, what biological effects does insulin exert on lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and cellular growth pathways in both healthy individuals and diabetics?
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Beyond glucose regulation, what biological effects does insulin exert on lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and cellular growth pathways in both healthy individuals and diabetics?
1. Insulin stimulates fat synthesis and storage by promoting fatty acid uptake in adipocytes and inhibiting lipolysis, lowering blood lipid levels.
2. Insulin enhances protein synthesis and inhibits breakdown, contributing to muscle growth and repair by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
3. Insulin facilitates cellular proliferation and differentiation, mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which impacts growth and metabolic activities.